Journeys End R C Sherriff Essay Essays

Journeys End R C Sherriff Essay Essays Journeys End R C Sherriff Essay Essay Journeys End R C Sherriff Essay Essay Essay Topic: Literature In Journeys End R C Sherriff skilfully orchestrates a complex pattern of tensions. Trace the development of these at key moments showing how they are dramatically effective. Journeys End was written by R C Sherriff, and is set in a trench during the First World War. The way Sherriff structures this piece of work, is very unusual as it does not stick to one kind of atmosphere, he switches between pathos, humour and many different types of tension. It is a clever the way he manages to write so many tensions into his work, as the background to the story is The War. The plays main characters create these tensions by the way they act around each other, they are; Stanhope, the Companies commander in chief, but still despite this ranking he is still nothing better and a tall, slimly built boy with broad shoulders, he is never without a high percentage of alcohol in his bloodstream and is hiding something from the others, below the surface of his skin, as we are told by Osborne when he speaks something happened, I am unsure of what it was, a silly little argument, when suddenly he jumped to his feet and knocked the table over, the glasses spilled. He lost all control over himself and then suddenly he came round and cried real tears. Osborne, Uncle to the company members was second in command, just as capable and a lot older than Stanhope. Although he does not like to admit the fact that he is just as capable, it is out of pure loyalty to Stanhope and the amount of lovingness that he holds for Stanhope as we see, when he defends Stanhope in a discussion, He is called a drunkard, just because he has stuck it out until his nerves have been battered to bits. The new member of the company is Stanhopes fianci s little brother and an old school chum of Stanhopes. Upon entering the play Raleigh is seen to be extremely nervous, as he does what is asked instantly and says very little. We also have Hardy; an extremely selfish man, who refuses to care about the companys men, Hibbert; shown to be very scared of war and is faking an injury just so he can leave the battlefields, and of course Trotter; Stanhopes second lieutenant, can eat like a horse, short, fat and middle aged, who seems to care not about the war where people are dieing but the war that is raging within his stomach. There is no real tension in the plays opening few pages, but with the introduction of Raleigh; the new boy in the company comes the first area of real tension, upon his first encounter with Stanhope. Raleigh is anticipating their first meeting with great expectations, but this is not what he receives. Stanhope introduces himself with a special glee in his voice, but when Raleigh removes himself from the shadows, there is a slight pause and the glee that Stanhope once spoke with quickly vanished and his voice changed, for the worse. But even before he has noticed that his new under study is Raleigh he demands a bottle of whiskey, much to the misfortune of Raleigh as he begins to see what the war has turned Stanhope into. From the moment they met in the trench until the moment they become deceased Stanhope has a major cloud over his head, in the fact that when Raleigh decides to write home, he may tell his sister about the new Stanhope. The fact that Stanhope used to be unable to drink any form of alcohol only crops up later on in the play, when he has a drunken conversation with Osborne. Upon Raleighs decision to write home and inform his family how he is coping with life on the front line, is where Sherriff brings in his next area of a tension filled play. It is impossible to predict what he will or would have written as it is not revealed until later on in the play, Sherriff leaves a number of avenues of thought open for his audience but gives no hint as which one to take. The only hint given as to which way to go, is when Sherriff takes the tension to another level, Raleigh enquires what he is to do about writing home, Stanhope informs him of what to do and then adds a new rule which was the fact that all letters were to be read by the companies commander in chief. Raleigh stutters and tells Stanhope that it no longer matters, he will not be writing home. Of course Raleighs refusal to write home, even though the letter was clutched in his fist, for everybody to see, sends Stanhope and Sherriffs audience down the road that he has written all the bad things he has seen in Stanhope since his arrival in the trench. That was the last straw for an already tipsy Stanhope, as he rises to his feet and screams at Raleigh to hand the letter over to him, even though Raleigh claimed there was nothing written in the letter about Stanhope. The letter is taken from Raleigh by Stanhope and given orders to leave the room, in the description given by Sherriff, the audience is left with no doubt that Raleigh is gravely disappointed with the man he once saw as his hero. When the letter is torn open by Stanhope, he breaks down and says he is unable to read the words that may have been spoken, so Osborne offers to read it to him. Both Stanhope and the tension are relieved when Osborne informs him, that there is nothing but his good side written about, how he is said to be the finest officer in the battalion, by far the hardest worker and how proud he is to be known as one of Stanhopes best friends. After the completion of the passage, the lowered heads can only point to one ting and that is pure and utter shame upon Stanhope and he begins to look at himself in a different light from that point onwards. The next feeling of real tension only involves Stanhope and the want away officer Hibbert. Hibbert claims to be suffering from an in diagnosable disease called Neuralgia. The play makes you think that Hibbert is making it up about him having contracted the disease, as he has spoken of his discontent of not being allowed sick leave. When Hibbert moans about his sickness to Stanhope, he dismisses it without thought and says it nothing. Hibbert thinks that he has a good chance of getting away from the war as one officer has been sent home with the same disease, but no matter how hard he pressed he was still told No. The subject of Hibbert and his disease is dropped and only returned to when the big attack is nearing its date. Stanhope and Hibbert are left alone and Hibbert re-opens the subject and begins to get into hysterics, and also begins to lose his temper with Stanhope. But the tension has yet to reach its peak and only does so when Stanhope shows him that he is willing to shoot him, but instead he gives him half a minute to decide whether to stay and fight, with his dignity in tact or desert and die and Hibbert becomes so angry ad frustrated that he lashes out at Stanhope and hits him across the face. Stanhope then threatens to have a Court Marshall put in place but does Hibbert a deal, he says if you stay and fight I will not bring in a Court Marshall, your half a second is up. What will it be? There is no need for the answer to be written in words for the play, the choice is made and Hibbert stays. The tension is only eased once Hibbert breaks down in Stanhopes arms. Although we have reached the highest level we reach in words of tension, Sherriff still manages to find more room in this play for, yet again more tension. This is of course, the raid of a German trench. Raleigh and Osborne lead the attack with ten other officers from their battalion. We come across a conversation between the Colonel and Stanhope, but the Colonel seems less than interested in the mens safety as he sees the raid as just a game. After the conversation is over, we have a real moment of huge pressure and of course the tension, this is the last few minutes before that big event in a persons life that they are really fired up and burning inside to do. Raleigh asks Osborne for the time and it is time to go. They stage directions say as they walk up and into the trenches, with the pale evening sun leaving just a silhouette of their bodies. There is no description of the raid, which is a very vital moment in the play, and is done to keep the audience on the edge of their seats and guessing as to what will happen next. Six men and Uncle died in the raid but this is only found out once the Colonel has remembered the regiments name and how many were in the raiding party. The tension ends instantly and with no hesitation the celebrations began. Celebrations fill the immediate aftermath, but without doubt the tension rises when Raleigh refuses to eat or drink any sort of substance. The reason for this is because Osborne has just died in the raid and he feels like nobody around him cares. Another factor in his decision is the fact that he is very inexperienced and young at heart, and nothing like this has ever happened before to him. Raleigh is order to leave by Stanhope, after and argument in which Stanhope without realising begins to shout at Raleigh for not enjoying himself, but Raleigh then begins to accuse Stanhope of not caring about the fact that one of his closest friends has just died, and he has not been happy with Raleigh being there from the very beginning, Stanhope struggles to find his breath and the order is blared at Raleigh with no hesitation, which cancels out the tension that was in the room. The big attack is upon the battalion and Hibbert once again is resenting the fact that he has to go up into the trench and fight. He has a very pale and unwell complexion at this point, but tries to remove the fact of the attack by drinking glasses of water. He is one of the last men to reach the trench front as the sound of shells get increasingly louder and closer, but during the talk between Stanhope and himself, he comes round to the idea and walks up the stairs into the trench for the last time with a petit smile upon his brightening face. The title Journeys end only leads to one conclusion, the end of lifes journey. The tension never really left the play, and we are always reminded of it through the fact that there is a war on during the whole play. There is only one set for the whole play and that is the dugout where all of the acts and scenes take place. The tension embedded itself into the play and never leaves the story, but it only bubbles to the surface every so often. It is an excellently written play, as Sherriff manages to stitch tension, pathos and also the odd bit of humour into the play without, it ever getting to complex to understand.

Definition and Examples of Verbless Clauses in English

Definition and Examples of Verbless Clauses in English In English grammar, a verbless clause is a clause-like construction in which a verb element is implied but not present. Such clauses are usually adverbial, and the omitted verb is a form of be. Also known as a  free adjunct (or a free adjunct without a verbal form) and a nominal sentence. Examples and Observations Verbless clauses are clauses which contain no verb element, and often also no subject. They are regarded as clauses because they function in ways which make them equivalent to finite and non-finite clauses and because they can be analyzed in terms of one or more clause elements. (Geoffroy Leech and Jan Svartvik, A Communicative Grammar of English, 1975)A verbless clause . . . is considered a clause because it is dealing with a separate piece of information in relation to the main clause. For example, in the sentence, In the interests of the local children, the council should reconsider its decision, there are two separate pieces of information: the main clausethe council should reconsider its decision; and a dependent clause that deals with issues that interest local children. In this clause, however, the verb has been nominalized resulting in a verbless clause. Verbless clauses are different from adverbial phrases. The latter provide some information to do with the time, place, or m anner in which something happens within an existing clause. Verbless clauses, on the other hand, provide a separate piece of information outside of an existing clause. (Peter Knapp and Megan Watkins, Genre, Text, Grammar: Technologies for Teaching and Assessing Writing. UNSW Press, 2005)

Directives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Directives - Essay Example However, the Act only provides for a ten minute interval, once in four hours; and specifies a thirty – five hour week with fifteen hours of weekly overtime. Workers cannot request flexible working hours. Maria is driver for the London Underground, whose management is appointed by the Mayor of London. The expenditure incurred by it are defrayed by private enterprise and public funds, as such, it is run as a public private partnership. During the past year, Maria had worked, on an average, for fifty hours a week. She had been provided with ten minute breaks every four hours. However, her domestic commitments made it very difficult for her to cope up, and her requests for flexible working conditions had been ignored by the management. Subsequently, she became very ill, and she has obtained medical evidence that her disease was due to the stress caused by her employment. Maria’s employer, the London Underground, had been financed by public as well as private funding, and the management was appointed by the Mayor of London. Hence, this employer is an organization run by the state. Thus, Maria can invoke the Directive against her employer. The ECJ had extended the scope of the definition of state for the enforceability of council directives. In the case of Marshall, the Court ruled that individuals could invoke the rights provided by the directives. Moreover, individuals could rely on the rights that had been set out in directive for initiating legal action against a health authority. This is because a health authority is automatically an organ of the state1. The government of the United Kingdom had implemented the Directive with some changes. As such, the working hours were increased and the time of rest was reduced. With regard to compensation for damages, the ECJ made it clear in R v H.M. Treasury that individuals can claim damages

Totalitarianism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Totalitarianism - Essay Example Totalitarianism is defined as a political organization in which the state strives to control all aspects of public and private life of its citizens. Totalitarian regimes stay in power by employing widespread use of violence, disseminating propaganda through state controlled media, political oppression, denial of freedom of speech and control over the economy. However, Hannah Arendt perceives totalitarian as a system where the state transform class into mass movements, have the national police assume the role of the military to instill terror in people and establish a foreign policy with the intention of domineering the whole world (Cohen & Fermon 575). Arendt argues that totalitarian movements established by totalitarian governments depend on the sheer force of numbers and not proportionate strength like other political parties. With this understanding, it is clear that communism, socialism, liberalism, feminism, conservatism and fascism are totalitarian ideologies. This paper is int ended to show that in the idea of Hannah Arendt, Benito Mussolini; a fascist, Vladimir Lenin; a communist, and Emma Goldman; anarchist and feminist, were all totalitarians. At the end of the First World War, Italy was found entangled in economic and political challenges. Public servants went on strike in urban centers while, in the rural areas, landless peasants grabbed the property of rich landlords. Benito Mussolini used this unrest as an opportunity to climb to power. He formed the fascist party which supported hard line nationalism, and condemned democratic system of government on the belief that competitor parties separated the state. They also reject communism and embraced personal property ownership. In the early 1920s, Mussolini and his supporters had worn the support of most Italian citizens by attacking the communists and socialists. In1922 Mussolini led Italians on a protest march on Rome supposedly to prevent a communist revolution but in a real sense to scare the government into appointing him as the prime minister of Italy. Immediately he was in office he enlarged his power by appointing Fascists to high positions, censoring the press, org anizing secret police, and outlawing condemnation of the government. He controlled the army and the schools making Italian citizens embrace the slogan â€Å"Everything in the state and nothing outside or against the state† (Cohen & Fermon 571). Mussolini’s Italy was dominated by one party; Fascist party and all opposition parties were wiped out. Mussolini also had a lot of power over this party, until people argued that the party had no part in running of the country but Mussolini himself. He later decided that he wants to run the country for himself and that the party is no longer important for anything else than doing what he wanted. Mussolini believed in making Italy great by making Italians go to war by all means. On his coming to power, he made Italians to belief that he was their savior considering hard times they were facing. He replaced the class society with the masses so that he can avoid criticism and later ruled them with the iron fist. For this, his action s constituted totalitarianism as defined by Arendt. Mussolini faulted the American democracy arguing that people do not know what they want and the best for them. He swore that someday America will know that democracy is only beautifully theoretically but a fallacy practically (Cohen & Fermon 532). Mussolini would have been right here when he said that people do not know what they want during voting in leaders. It has always been known that most of the leaders win elections because of their influence and not their ideology. The best people with good ideologies are normally left out. Vladimir Lenin believed in a

Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown and History Essays -- Young Goodman Br

â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and History  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   Q. D. Leavis states that â€Å"perhaps the persecuting aspect of their way of life was peculiarly present to Hawthorne because of the witch-hanging judge and the Quaker-whipping Major among his ancestors† (30). This is a reference to one instance of historical allusion in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown.† This essay will explore a variety of historical incidences referred to in this short story.    Clarice Swisher in â€Å"Nathaniel Hawthorne: a Biography† states:    William Hathorne was a colonial magistrate involved in the persecution of Quakers, another Protestant religious group. Hawthorne later described him as â€Å"grave, bearded, sable-cloaked, and steeple-crowned,† a hard, dark man. His son John Hathorne was well known as a Puritan judge who condemned women as witches in 1692 during the Salem witchcraft trials, and who later expressed no remorse for his actions. . . . Of his ancestors, especially Judge John, Hawthorne later said, â€Å"I . . . hereby take shame upon myself for their sakes, and pray that any curse incurred by them . . . may be now and henceforth removed (14).    Reference to these forbears of Goodman Brown is made in a notable episode in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† when the devil responds to Brown’s assertion of his family’s Christian past: â€Å"We have been a race of honest men and good Christians, since the days of the martyrs. And shall I be the first of the name of Brown, that ever took this path and kept"- The devil then responds:    "Such company, thou wouldst say," observed the elder person, interrupting his pause. "Well said, Goodman Brown! I have been as well acquainted with your family as with ever a one among the Puritans; an... ... Derived from New England Living.† In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1996.    Hawthorne, Nathaniel. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown.† 1835. http://www.cwrl.utexas.edu/~daniel/amlit/goodman/goodmantext.html    Leavis, Q.D. â€Å"Hawthorne as Poet.† In Hawthorne – A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by A.N. Kaul. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966.    Swisher, Clarice. â€Å"Nathaniel Hawthorne: a Biography.† In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1996.    Wagenknecht, Edward. Nathaniel Hawthorne – The Man, His Tales and Romances. New York: Continuum Publishing Co., 1989.    Williams, Stanley T. â€Å"Hawthorne’s Puritan Mind.† In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1996.

Outline Basketball Shoes

Product Category – Basketball Shoes Definition (Dictionary. com) Basketball – a game played by two teams of usually five players each on a rectangular court having a raised basket  or goal at each end, points being scored by tossing the ball through the opponent's basket. Shoe – an external covering for the human foot, usually of leather and consisting of a more or less stiff or heavy sole and a lighter upper part ending a short distance above, at, or below the ankle. Basketball shoes are used when playing basketball. Line types Safety/Performance Shoes made for optimal performance while preventing injuries *EVA for cushioning (light) * Polyurethane for stability (heavy) * Stiff material on the medial side reduce inward rolling * Anti-microbial fabric reduces bacteria Fashion * Celebrity endorsement * Wide variety of color schemes * Word of Mouth Types High-top Pro: * Provides the most ankle support, safest Con: * Heavy, slower movement Mid-top Pro: * Increased mobility for jumping and fast direction changes Con: * Not the best for movement or protection Low-top Pro: Lightest, allows quicker movement changes, easier jumping, and speedier running Con: * Little protection. Smaller players will use these Product lifecycle Target Market Male High School Basketball Players Problem Recognition *Join Basketball Team * Want to fit in with peers Information Search * Internet * Price * Quality * Retail Store * Employee Expertise * Immediate Selection/Comparison * Peer Word of Mouth * Scoop on the latest dope kicks * Determine safe choices Alternative Evaluation and Selection * Mostly deliberation of collected information Limited Decision * Prices are not extreme * Can have multiple pairs of shoes * Outlet Selection and Purchase * Online * Retail Store * Provides immediate purchase * Postpurchase Processes * Wear dem shoes * Games * Stomping around town, lookin’ fly for the sweet honeys * Donate to secondhand stores * Throw away * Hand down t o family members * Sell lightly used shoes online Scientific proof that High-tops are structurally superior to Low-tops. http://www. tpec. edu. tw/%2Fself_store%2F79%2Fself_attach%2F95_5_paper1. pdf

The Important Study of Organizational Behavior - 1529 Words

There is a reason that organizational behaviour is such an important field of study, as it helps us to make sense of the world around us, not just what goes on inside organizations. (McShane Steen, p.3). Organizational behaviour theories help us to re-evaluate ourselves within our distinct roles, which in turn helps us better understand our self-concept and what values are most significant in our lives. After completing the â€Å"Winter Survival Exercise†, it is evident as to why organizations value groups for every individual adds their own creativity, rationality and intuition to a problem or opportunity that presents itself. The absolute differences between the individual and group results that were generated, 68 and 36 respectively, showed how significant group effort can be as the group results were much closer to the results of the survival experts. Communicating Results When we were making group decisions, I was somewhat assertive in getting my point of views across but generally more accepting in listening to others without interrupting. This is reflective in my self-awareness assessments as my personality and my active listening skills show that I tend to avoid interrupting people when they are expressing their ideas, but I also like to contribute my thoughts as well. The communication process within our group involved brainstorming. A group member would generate all the possible ideas that resulted in their ranking for a specific item, and then articulate thoseShow MoreRelatedWhy Organizational Behavior Is Important to Complement Intuition with Systemic Study2832 Words   |  12 PagesAlamin Computer Training Center 559, Madrasah Market, Shop No-30, Kazipara, Mirpur, Dhaka-1216. 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